Using the formula for the distance fallen:
s = v_0 t + \frac{1}{2} a t^2
Substitute the known values:
s = 5 \times 2 + \frac{1}{2} \times 9.81 \times (2)^2
Calculate each part:
1. \( 5 \times 2 = 10 \)
2. \( \frac{1}{2} \times 9.81 \times (2)^2 = \frac{1}{2} \times 9.81 \times 4 = 19.62 \)
Add the results:
s = 10 + 19.62 = 29.62
Therefore, the penny has fallen:
29.62 \, \text{m}