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Calculate the length of the arc of the cycle: r(t)=(R(t− sent,R(1−cost)), 0≤t≤2π

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Answer to a math question Calculate the length of the arc of the cycle: r(t)=(R(t− sent,R(1−cost)), 0≤t≤2π

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Jett
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78 Answers
1. A fórmula para comprimento de arco de uma curva paramétrica \(r(t) = (x(t), y(t))\) é:
L = \int_{a}^{b} \sqrt{\left(\frac{dx}{dt}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{dy}{dt}\right)^2} \, dt

2. Derivamos as funções \(x(t)\) e \(y(t)\):
x(t) = R(t - \sin{t})
y(t) = R(1 - \cos{t})
\frac{dx}{dt} = R(1 - \cos{t})
\frac{dy}{dt} = R\sin{t}

3. Utilizamos as derivadas na fórmula de comprimento de arco:
L = \int_{0}^{2\pi} \sqrt{(R(1 - \cos{t}))^2 + (R\sin{t})^2} \, dt
= \int_{0}^{2\pi} \sqrt{R^2(1 - \cos{t})^2 + R^2\sin{t}^2} \, dt
= R \int_{0}^{2\pi} \sqrt{(1 - \cos{t})^2 + \sin{t}^2} \, dt

4. Usamos a identidade trigonométrica \(1 - \cos{t} = 2\sin^2{\left(\frac{t}{2}\right)}\):
(1 - \cos{t})^2 + \sin^{2}{t} = (2\sin^2{\left(\frac{t}{2}\right)})^2 + (\sin{t})^2
= 4\sin^4{\left(\frac{t}{2}\right)} + 4\sin^2{\left(\frac{t}{2}\right)}\cos^2{\left(\frac{t}{2}\right)}
= 4\sin^2{\left(\frac{t}{2}\right)}(\sin^2{\left(\frac{t}{2}\right)} + \cos^2{\left(\frac{t}{2}\right)})
= 4\sin^2{\left(\frac{t}{2}\right)}

5. Substituindo de volta na integral:
L = R \int_{0}^{2\pi} \sqrt{4 \sin^2{\left(\frac{t}{2}\right)}} \, dt
= 2R \int_{0}^{2\pi} \left|\sin{\left(\frac{t}{2}\right)}\right| \, dt
Como \( \sin{\left(\frac{t}{2}\right)} \) é positivo no intervalo de \(0\) a \(2\pi\), podemos omitir o módulo:
= 2R \int_{0}^{2\pi} \sin{\left(\frac{t}{2}\right)} \, dt
Usando a substituição \( u = \frac{t}{2} \), então \( du = \frac{1}{2} dt \), e os limites mudam para \( 0 \leq u \leq \pi \):
2R \int_{0}^{\pi} 2\sin{u} \, du
= 4R \int_{0}^{\pi} \sin{u} \, du
= 4R [-\cos{u}]_{0}^{\pi}
= 4R [(-\cos{\pi}) - (-\cos{0})]
= 4R [1 + 1]
= 8R

Portanto, o comprimento de arco da ciclóide é:
8R

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